the value of human life essays

the value of human life essays The beliefs and views of modern society are hypocritical and unjust. By the time an individual matures from a young child to an adult, they have been taught an uncountable number of life lessons. One of the outstanding lessons that each and every person has learned is that killing another human being is wrong. This is perhaps the first recognizable lesson on the value of human life. Most children know that killing is against the law and learn religiously that it goes against all religious morals and beliefs, yet society is bombarded by violence everyday in the media and in real life. Today, the value of human life can be questioned, especially that of the young. Through numerous examples of child murder and abortion it is rather obvious that the lives of the unborn or newly born are not valued to the degree that they should be. In most cases, the young are not recognized as "people" and are robbed of their human rights and freedoms. Young lives, both born and unborn, are seen as m ore of a commodity these days, than as precious, magical miracles. In the media today there are ridiculous numbers of reports pertaining to accidents, shootings and robberies-these are just a few examples of unjust acts that are occurring everyday. There is also a shocking amount of coverage about parents accidentally, or on the other hand, brutally murdering their kids. Parents are supposed to be loving and supporting caregivers, they have a great influence over everything a child can possibly say or do. It is hard to believe that some parents would actually take their childrens lives into their hands. Recently in the news there have been accounts of a mother poisoning her son to a father taking a knife and slashing his sons throat. These are all cases where the parent in charge has taken advantage of their control. Each helpless child is defenseless in these situations. In many cases, children have become victims of a parents mental ...

Definition and Discussion of Writing Portfolios

Definition and Discussion of Writing Portfolios In composition studies, a writing portfolio is a collection of student writing (in print or electronic form) thats intended to demonstrate the writers development over the course of one or more academic terms. Since the 1980s, writing portfolios have become an increasingly popular form of student assessment in composition courses taught in colleges and universities, especially in the U.S. Examples and Observations The purpose of a writing portfolio is to demonstrate a writers improvement and achievements. Portfolios allow writers to collect a body of writing in one place and to organize and present it in an effective, attractive format, giving the instructor a view of a students writing that focuses more on the complete body of work than on individual assignments. While compiling individual items (sometimes called artifacts) to include in their portfolios, students reflect on their work and measure their progress; as they do so, they may improve their ability to evaluate their own work.(Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell, The Brief Wadsworth Handbook, 7th ed. Wadsworth, 2012) Process-Writing Portfolios The process-writing portfolio is an instructional tool that manifests the stages and efforts in the writing process. It also contains completed, unfinished, abandoned, or successful work. Process-writing portfolios typically contain brainstorming activities, clustering, diagramming, outlining, free writing, drafting, redrafting in response to teacher/peer review, and so forth. Thus, a picture of the current state of an individuals composing process is revealed. The two essential pedagogical elements in the process-writing portfolio are student reflection and teacher inquiry.(Joanne Ingham, Meeting the Challenges of an Undergraduate Engineering Curriculum. Practical Approaches to Using Learning Styles in Higher Education, ed. by Rita Dunn and Shirley A. Griggs. Greenwood, 2000) Reflective Statements Most instructors who assign portfolios will also ask you to write statements in which you reflect on your writing processwhat you think you did well, what still needs improvement, and what you have learned about writing. Some teachers ask students to write reflective statements or a letter to the teacher for each assignment. Others may ask for just an end-of-semester statement ..(Susan Anker, Real Essays With Readings: Writing Projects for College, Work, and Everyday Life, 3rd ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2009) Feedback With or without rubrics, portfolios are also an excellent vehicle for teachers to give verbal feedback to students. Teachers can provide written feedback on the portfolio itself, or, especially for younger students, they can provide oral feedback using the portfolio as the focus of brief student conferences.(Susan M. Brookhart, Portfolio Assessment. 21st Century Education: A Reference Handbook, ed. by Thomas L. Good. Sage, 2008) Portfolio Assessment Portfolios have been seen as valid because they measure what they say they will measurestudents ability to write and revise in a rhetorical setting. However, critics question the reliability of portfolio assessment. Pointing to the number of times a paper can be revised, some claim it is often impossible to determine how competent the student writer is or how much help a student has received during the revision process (Wolcott, 1998, p. 52). Others claim there are too many variables with portfolio assessment and that portfolios do not hold up well enough to statistical measures for them to be considered a reliable assessment instrument (Wolcott, 1998, p. 1). To address the problems with reliability, some schools have added a timed essay test to the portfolio assessment. Still, others believe that the validity of portfolio assessment outweighs the reliability problems associated with it and that portfolio assessment is the kind of evaluation most consistent with the values of composi tionists.  (Julie Neff Lippman, Assessing Writing. Concepts in Composition: Theory and Practice in the Teaching of Writing, ed. by Irene L. Clark. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2003) [O]ne clear benefit of portfolio assessment is that teachers do not have to mark every writing error, because they usually score portfolios using holistic methods. Students, in turn, benefit because they can identify the content and writing skills they have mastered and the areas they need to improve.  ( Vicki Urquhart and Monette McIver, Teaching Writing in the Content Areas. ASCD, 2005)It should be pointed out that portfolios do not necessarily bring greater accuracy to assessment, but they do promote a greater awareness of what good writing might be and how it might be best achieved. The advantages lay principally in that the validity, and value, of assessment is increased if it is situated in teaching and based on a clearer understanding of writing.  (Ken Hyland, Second Language Writing. Cambridge University Press, 2003)